The earthquake which originates in the lithosphere propagates different seismic waves or earthquake waves. Earthquake waves are basically of two types —. They are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and moves in all directions traveling through the body of the earth.
Hence, the name — body waves. There are two types of body waves-. When the body waves interact with surface rocks, a new set of waves is generated called surface waves. These waves move along the earth's surface. Surface waves are also transverse waves in which particle movement is perpendicular to wave propagation.
Surface waves are considered as most damaging waves. Two common surface waves are -. It is a combination of an electronic theodolite for measuring horizontal and vertical angles , an electromagnetic distance measurement EDM device for measurement of slope distances and on board software to convert the raw observed data to three dimensional coordinates.
Thus with a total station one may determine the actual positions X, Y and Z or northing, easting and elevation of surveyed points or the position of the instrument from known points in absolute terms. Further the EDM that measures the slop distance can calculate and display horizontal distance and difference in level. This is accomplished with the help of microprocessor normally working concentric with the telescope eyepiece and generally housed in a casting that forms part of the telescope.
A star on the horizon has an altitude of 0 degrees. A star straight overhead has the maximum altitude of 90 degrees. Neglecting atmospheric refraction, the altitude at culmination is. Declination: Declination of the celestial body is the angular distance measured on star's meridian north or south of the celestial equator.
Start Learning. Answer Detailed Solution Below Option 3 : 4. Explanation: The following table gives information regarding the Global Positioning System.
For moving objects minimum, 4 satellites are required. The position of the observer moving person or vehicle on the ground is determined by an orbiting satellite Atomic clocks are fixed in satellites to calculate the positioning of the satellite to aid in determining travel times. Absolute positioning, where accuracy of 1 cm to 5 cm is needed, depends upon the health of the satellite. Get Started for Free Download App. Studying the relative motions of planets Disaster and business continuity planning Deforestation Development of public infrastructure facilities.
However it is not used for studying the relative motions on planets. Azimuth Declination Sidereal angle Hour angle. Concept- Declination circle: A great circle passing through the celestial body and the poles is known as declination circle. Hour circle: Projections of the meridians or longitudinal circles in infinite numbers to intersections with the celestial sphere are called hour circles. Hour angle H. Concept: Remote sensing: Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance typically from satellite or aircraft.
Types of remote sensing 1. Active Remote Sensing Active sensors emit energy to scan objects and areas and a sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is reflected or backscattered from the target. Passive Remote Sensing Passive sensors gather radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or surrounding areas. Answer Detailed Solution Below Option 4 : 4 satellites.
Explanation: In Cartesian coordinate system of space and time, we have four variables — x, y, z three space variables and t one time variable. Scanning Framing Electromagnetic spectrum All of the above. Imaging sensor systems are of two types: Framing systems and Scanning systems. These include imagers like photographic film cameras and return beam vide A scanning system employs a single detector with a narrow field of view that is swept across the terrain to produce an image.
Explanation: Nadir point: The imaginary point at which it appears to intersect downward in the celestial sphere is known as Nadir. Zenith: If a plumb line through an observer is extended upward, the imaginary point at which it appears to intersect the celestial sphere is known as Zenith.
Pole: If the axis of rotation of the earth is imagined to be extended infinitely in both directions, the points at which it meets the celestial sphere are known as poles. The point of intersection in the northern hemisphere is known as the north celestial pole and that in the southern hemisphere as the south celestial pole.
Celestial point: An imaginary sphere of infinite radius with the earth at its center and other celestial bodies studded on its inside surface is known as the celestial sphere.
Temporal resolution Radiometric resolution Spatial resolution Spectral resolution. Concept :- 1. Spatial Resolution:- Measurement of the minimum distance between two objects that will allow them to differentiate from one another in an image.
Spatial resolution of the sensor refers to the size of the smallest possible feature that can be detected. Spatial resolution is a measure of smallest object that can be resolved by the sensor, or the size of area on the ground represented by each pixel. Pixel size is used to determine resolution quality.
Spectral Resolution:- Spectral resolution describes the ability of a sensor to define fine wavelength intervals. The finer the spectral resolution, the narrower the wavelength range for a particular channel or band.
Spectral resolution refers to the specific wavelength intervals in electromagnetic spectrum that a sensor can record. Narrow bands have higher spectral resolution. Radiometric Resolution:- The radiometric resolution of an imaging system describes its ability to discriminate very slight differences in energy. The finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to detect small differences in reflected or emitted energy.
It refers to the sensitivity of sensor to incoming radiance. Temporal Resolution:- Each satellite has its own unique revisit schedule for obtaining image of a particular area. The frequency at which the sensor revisits an area is known as temporal resolution. For example, if a satellite images the same area every 10 days, then its temporal resolution would be 10 days.
Temporal resolution is an important factor to consider in change detection studies i. Hence, temporal resolution is the amount of time taken by sensor to return to a previously recorded location. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information systems by M. Kumar, Laxmi Publications. MC Donnell, Oxford Publishers Follow us on Facebook and Support us with your Like.
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