Eddy, having lost all his property, picked up one of his children, and his wife another, and thus they marched along, until fainting, they begged first of one woman and then of another, a little meat to save their little ones from starvation. They were everywhere refused. Unable to get water, Eddy begged a pint of one who had ten gallons, and was likewise refused. The Donners had suffered severely with the rest, but up to this time their losses were less than some of the others.
On the 29th of October, they reached the eastern base of the Sierra, which loomed before them high into the heavens, a white wall glistening with frosted pines. Climbing upward as far as they could go, they found the top of Truckee pass five feet under snow. Returning to a cabin near their camp of the preceding night, they rested next day, and on the 31st the whole party again attempted to cross the mountains.
They ascended to within three miles of the summit, where they now found ten feet of snow, each moment thick.
It was very cold. The wind howled round the crags, and the whirling snow blinded, and every moment threatened to engulf them. They saw how impossible it was to proceed farther, so returning to the cabin, they made preparations to winter there, near what is now called Donner lake.
Soon their horses and cattle were all gone; some butchered and eaten, others strayed and buried in the snow. A little game was with difficulty killed, but not sufficient to satisfy hunger. Starvation stared at them. It was death to go away, and death to remain there; it is easier, however, to die in active endeavor than in passive despair. After three several failures, Eddy and sixteen others, five of whom were women, succeeded in crossing the summit on snow-shoes. This was on the 17th of December.
They were now in the heart of the Sierra, faint, having but little food, and almost buried in the soft snow, which continued falling day after day. They had one gun, but not a livino; thino- was to be seen. Some were stricken with snow-blindness, and on the 23d of December, one, Mr Stanton, from Syracuse, New York, fell behind and perished. It was each for himself; they were all now as fiends seven times hardened.
Christmas found them burrowing in the snow, and debating whether to attempt to proceed or to give it up. Eddy and the women determined to go on; the others sullenly refused to move. From the start the allowance had been one ounce of food to each, three times a day; now they had been without any food for two days.
One, Patrick Dolan, proposed the casting of lots to determine which should die. Eddy assented; William Foster objected. It was then proposed that two should fight until one was slain; then that they should continue their journey until one should succumb, which last proposition was finally accepted. Then they staggered on three miles farther and encamped. With great difficulty they succeeded in lighting a fire, but during the night it was extin.
About ten o'clock one Antoine died; three hours after, another, Graves; the next day another, Dolan, the day after, one more, Murphy. Plenty of man-meat now 1 Two went mad; the rest took turns praying. Tighter the skin cleaved to the fleshless bones, wilder and fiercer grew the sunken eyes, and fixed and more fixed the features of the ghastly faces. Hunger even left them, and they moved about their shrunken carcasses as if just dragged from the grave. After lying under their blankets in the snow for two days and nights they struck a fire, and all but Eddy, as he says, "cut the flesh from the arms and legs of Patrick Dolan, and roasted and ate it, averting their faces from each other, and weeping.
Eddy would probably have died but for half a pound of roasted bear-meat which he accidentally found while fumbling for something in his pouch. It was wrapped in a paper on which was written in pencil, " From your own dear Eleanor.
He had left his wife behind, and now she starves herself and little ones to save him. Though he struggled manfully to rescue them he never saw wife or child again. Eddy was at last obliged to succumb, and feed on his fellows or die.
He reported that he experienced no loathing or disgust, but his reason, which he thought was never more unclouded, told him that it was a horrid repast. Swearing vengeance on Hastings, as others swore vengeance on Jesse Applegate for having decoyed them, as they called it, into his cut-off, they staggered along, leaving on the white snow of the Sierra the crimson tracks of their bloody feet.
Of the party were a Mr and Mrs Fosdick. The 4th of January, , Fosdick died, and the body was left about a mile back from where they camped that night. In the morning, Mrs Fosdick, feeling that she must kiss once more the cold lips of her dead, started back for that purpose. In the words of Mr Thornton, Eddy's narrator, "two individuals accompanied her; and when they arrived at the body, they, notwithstanding the remonstrances, entreaties, and tears of the afflicted widow, cut out the heart and liver, and severed the arms and legs of her departed husband.
Unable to endure the horrible sight of seeing literally devoured a heart that had fondly and ardently loved her until it had ceased to throb, she turned away, and went to another camp, sick and almost blinded by the spectacle.
On they go, death even too slow for their now ghoulish appetites; and as they reel along, drunk with misfortune and liuman blood, they solace themselves with thoughts of their next repast. There is Mary Graves and Mrs Fosdick ; they have no children, what do you think of them? Next they shoot two tame Indians who had been sent by Sutter with horses to the relief of the party when it was first told him by Reed that they had lost their cattle in the desert, and before anything was known of their later great distress and starvation.
The names of those sacrificed were Lewis and Salvador. So faithful were they to Sutter's interests, that a few days before they had refused to abandon the property of their master, even to save their own lives.
When Sutter heard of it he was greatly distressed, and turning to the wretches, exclaimed, "You kill and eat all my good Indians! Thus they slowly contmued their way down the Sierra to the north branch of the American river, when on the 9th of January they came to a rancheria of natives, who were so overcome on beholding the pitiful condition of the strangers that they burst into loud lamentations, the women sobbing in sympathy as they hastily prepared mashed acorns for their relief Then these natives sent messengers on to the next rancheria, that its people might likewise prepare food and welcome for the afflicted travellers; and so they passed them along from one to another, all that was left of them, until on the 17th of January they reached the house of M.
Richey, whose kindhearted daughter on first beholdhig Mr. Eddy burst into tears without speaking a word. Of the seventeen who set out from Truckee, eight had perished by the way, and all of these were men.
Every woman had come through. The news of their suffering, and the condition of those left behind, spread swiftly among the settlers.
Couriers were despatched to Sutter's fort, to Sonoma, to Yerba Buena, and immediate preparations were made for the relief of the sufferers. Men eagerly volunteered to go to their assistance, and money was furnished with lavish hands. Even thus early in her history, as ever afterward, the heart of California was wide open to the cry of distress.
Several expeditions at once set out for Mountain camp, as the cabins near Donner lake were called. The first was under Reed, who when driven from the camp for man-slaughter had made his way to California, where he was awaiting the arrival of the party with his wife and children. Sutter and John Sinclair sent out a party under Aquilla Glover. Eddy attempted to return with this party, but was obliged from weakness to give it up.
On every side the snow presented an apparently unbroken level, and the stillness of death was there. They shouted, and the moaning wind answered like voices from another world. Other and. Presently, like vermin from their holes, crept forth from the cabin under the snow human forms, skeletons slowly moved by a cold and aching animation. A dull delirium of joy broke forth in low laughs and sobs and tears.
The flesh was wasted from their bodies, and the skin seemed to have dried upon their bones. Their voices were weak and sepulchral; and the whole scene conveyed to the mind the idea of that shout having reached another world, awakening the dead from under the snows. Fourteen of their number, principally men, had already died from starvation, and many more were so reduced that it was almost certain they would never rise from the miserable beds upon which they had lain down.
The annals of human suffering nowhere present a more appalling spectacle than that which blasted the eyes and sickened the hearts of those brave men whose indomitable courage and perseverance in the face of so many dangers, hardships, and privations, snatchfcd some of these miserable survivors from the jaws of death, and who, for having done so much, merit the lasting gratitude and respect of every man who has a heart to feel for human woe, or a hand to afford relief.
Reed, who lived in Breen's cabin, had, during a considerable time, supported herself and four children by cracking and boiling again the bones from which Breen's family had carefully scraped all the flesh. Some of the emigrants had been making preparations for death, and at morning and evening the incense of prayer and thanksgiving ascended from their cheerless and comfortless dwellings. Others there were who thought they might as well curse God as bless him for bringing them to such a pass; and so they did; and they cursed the snow, and the mountains, and in the wildest frenzy deplored their miserable fate.
Some poured bitter imprecations upon the world, and everything and everybody in it; and all united in common fears of a common and inevitable death. Many of them had, in a great measure, lost all selfrespect. Untold sufferings had broken their spirits, and prostrated everything like a commendable pride.
Misfortune had dried up the fountains of the heart; and the dead, whom their weakness made it impossible to carry out, were dragged from their cabins by means of ropes, with an apathy that afforded a faint indication of the extent of the chanoe which a few weeks of dire suffering had produced in hearts that once sympathized with the distressed and mourned the departed. With many of them, all principle, too, had been swept away by this tremendous torrent of accumulated woes.
It became necessary to place a guard over the little store of provisions brought to their relief; and they stole and devoured the raw-hide strings from the snow-shoes of those who had come to deliver them. Upon going down into the cabins of this Mountain camp, to the party were presented sights of misery and scenes of horror, the full tale of which will never be told, and never ought to be; sights which, although the emigrants had not yet commenced.
Glover could take out part of the sufferers only. One of the Donner brothers was so reduced that it was found impossible to remove him. His wife, who was comparatively well, when besought by her husband to accompany the party, firmly refused; and there she remained through horrible lingerings, and died with her husband, a noble example of conjugal fidelity. It was with the utmost difficulty that any of these unfortunates were conveyed over the snow, and to add to their misery, Mr.
Glover, when in the extremest necessity, found his buried provisions destroyed by cougars. One of their number, John Denton, when he could proceed no farther, told them to go on and leave him, which was done after building him a fire and leaving him nearly all their food; and there he died. On the 25th of February, they encountered Reed and his party going in, the meeting between whom and his wife was most affecting. Reed continued his way, as his two children were yet at Mountain camp.
He found the survivors in a yet more pitiful plight than when Glover first saw them. The mutilated body of a friend, having nearly all the flesh torn away, was seen at the door, the head and face remaining; entire. Half consumed limbs were seen concealed in trunks. Bones were scattered about. Human hair of different colors was seen in tufts about the fire-place. The sight was overwhelming, and outraged nature sought relief by one spontaneous outcry of agony, and grief, and tears.
Jacob Donner was dead. Baptiste had just left the camp of the widow with the leg and thigh of the dead man, " for which he had been sent by George Donner, the brother of the deceased. That was given, but the boy was informed that no more could be given, Jacob Donner's body being the last they had.
They had consumed four bodies, and the children were sitting upon a log, with their faces stained with blood, devouring the half-roasted liver and heart of the father, unconscious of the approach of the men, of whom they took not the slightest notice even after they had come up. Mrs Jacob Donner was in a helpless condition, without anything whatever to eat except the body of her husband, and she declared she would die before she would eat of this.
Around the fire were hair, bones, skulls, and the fragments of half-consumed limbs. The relief party under Foster and Eddy was the next to enter. Eddy found his wife and children all dead.
They were found lying down, sunning themselves, and evincing no concern for the future. They had consumed the two children of Jacob Donner. This man also devoured Mr Eddy's child before noon the next day, and was. When asked by the outraged father why he did not eat the hides and bullock, he coolly replied that he preferred human flesh as being more palatable and containing more nutriment.
Fellen and his party, the last to visit the place for purposes of relief, did not reach the camp until the 1 7th of April. As narrated by Bryant, they found Kiesburo; "reclinino; on the floor of the cabin, smokinsj his pipe. Near his head a fire was blazing, upon which was a camp-kettle filled with human flesh. His feet were resting upon skulls and dislocated limbs denuded of their flesh.
A bucket partly filled with blood was near, and pieces of human flesh, fresh and bloody, were strewn around. The appearance of Kiesburg; was hatro-ard and revoltino;. His beard was of great length; his finger-nails had grown out until they resembled the claws of beasts. He was ragged and filthy, and the expression of his countenance was ferocious.
He stated that the Donners were both dead. Accused of having murdered Mrs Donner for her money, he denied it, until Fellen put a rope round his neck and threatened to hang him, when he produced some of the valuables of the Donners, and five hundred dollars in money.
We asked Kiesburg why he did not use the meat of the bullock and horse instead of human flesh. He replied he had not seen them. We then told him we knew better, and asked him why the meat in the chair had not been consumed. He said, '0, its too drv eatlnor; the liver and lights are. He ate her body, and found her flesh the best he had ever tasted.
He further stated that he obtained from her body at least four pounds of fat. The fountains of natural affection were all dried up. The chords that once vibrated with connubial, parental, and filial affection were rent asunder, and each seemed resolved, without regard to the fate of others, to escape the impending calamity. Even the wild hostile mountain Indians, who once visited their camps, pitied them; and instead of pursuing the natural impulse of their hostile feeling to the whites and destroying them as they could easily have done, divided their own scanty supply of food with them.
So changed had the emigrants become, that when the party sent out arrived with food, some of them cast it aside, and seemed to prefer the putrid human flesh that still remained.
On his return to the east. General Kearney passed by the scene of these tragical occurrences, and halted there on the 2 2d of June, He ordered the remains collected and buried in one of the cabins; some of the bodies presented a mummy-like appearance, the flesh having remained undecayed in the dry atmosphere. Fire was then set to the cabin, and so was consumed as far as possible every trace of the melancholy occurrence.
Of the eighty persons originally composing the party, thirty-six perished, of whom. Revolting as are these revelations, the half has not been told. Of the dark deeds committed hi this sepulchral Sierra, under cover of night, or in the light of day made blacker than blackest night by the darkness of the deed, comparatively few have ever been told.
But enough has been told to show us what men will do when forced by necessity. These Donners were cultivated, wealthy people; they behaved better in some respects than the others, and yet they did not wholly forbear to eat of each other. During the immigration of , and before that time, there were many parties who underwent much suffering; some' similar to those experienced by the Donner party, yet there was no instance which as a whole equalled those horrors in magnitude and intensity. Toward this western shore had set the world's tide of human life and human passion.
So great was the movement of that I might say there was almost a continuous line of waofons from the Missouri river to the Sierra Nevada, an almost unbroken line of light from the camp-fires at night; hence it was safe enough for single wagons, or horsemen, or foot passengers even, to join the throng. And many of these individual adventurers there were. But man likes company, especially when there is toil and uncertainty before him; and so at the east overland societies were organized and officered bound for the mines, the object being that by a community of labor or capital mutual comfort and safety might be increased.
The idea of association was to divide the venture, or to unite the benefits of. One desires to go to California who has not the means, so he drives across the plains the team of one who. Hundreds of associations were formed on various plans, some to go out by water and some. Usually they were composed of from ten to fifty persons, though I have known companies c f , and one of men.
Each member contributed so much capital either in money or its equivalent, which was expended before starting in provisions, clothing, utensils, medicines, or whatever in the opinions of the officers would yield the largest profit, or tend most to the amelioration of the condition of the members.
The ships were to be sold or abandoned at San Francisco, and seamen eagerly shipped to be discharged there. But these associations were mostly failures. They were too cumbersome, the men too inexperienced, tt»o little acquainted with the country and with what they proposed to elo, knowing neither each other nor themselves. The inefficient members cramped the energies of those who might succeed alone; cumbersome associations cannot move with the promptness and celerity of individuals ; they are unable to act inelividually, to seize occasions, and the best men belonging to them are usually most rejoiced to be free from them.
Frequently the means. But so entirely then was California beyond the reach of law, or even light, or restraint, that a man must be impregnated with honesty and conscience in a remarkable degree long to be mindful of obligations entered into with those who are never to know if he keeps them.
No sooner was a family, for instance, fairly started overland, than the master was as much m the hands of the man as the man was in those of the master ; and often an emigrant was obliged to submit to insult and wrong heaped upon him by some base-minded churl to whom he was doing charity All the employer could do in such cases was to turn the man adrift, but this was impracticable in the middle of the plains with teams and stock to be attended to.
Often when ready to start, the most absurd rumors were rife. Some would say that the Mormons, ready to kill or convert the emigrants, waited and watched for them at the rivers; in romantic regions savages lurked, if so be they should escape the avenging saints ; while still farther west, the emissaries of perfidious fur-companies had penetrated to bribe with rum or blankets the unsophisticated red man, and stir him up against intruders upon the game-filled park that God had given him.
Full of fanciful theories, until experience beat practical common-sense into them, some of the doinofs of the emigrants were most childish. One company a few days after starting was struck with a freak of law-making; and immediately after attempting to put in practice the new regulations, as was often the case,.
It appears that an edict had gone forth against dogs; all must die or leave the train. The enra2:ed owners of valuable canines rushed to arms, and prepared to mingle the blood of the slayers with that of the slain. The result was the amendment of the decree and a reelection of officers.
The ordinary migration was something as follows: From the various points of departure along the then so-called western frontier, companies, families, and individuals set out on foot, on horseback, on mules, in covered wagons—prairie clippers or schooners some called them—drawn by long files of cattle, and filled with flour, bacon, beans, sugar, coffee, tobacco, whisky, cooking and household utensils, and other useful and useless articles, many of which were soon to be thrown away to lighten the load.
Extra draft and riding animals to be used as relays, and to take the places of the exhausted, lost, or stolen; and sometimes cows and sheep, were driven, beside or behind the waoon.
As the animals thinned in number, oxen and mules, or horses and cows, might be seen yoked together, and horseless cavaliers, thankful of any relief for their blistered feet, did not disdain to mount horned cattle. In the wagons were women, children, and sick persons, though often these were obliged to walk to save the strength of the fainting animals. At the belt of many were carried a large knife, and one or more revolvers; slung to the back a rifle, and from the saddle-horn a lasso hung ready for immediate use.
Taking with them their wives and children these gold-worshippers left behind—not starvation and anarchy, but peaceful, happy homes, good government and plenty, abasing their work-worn women, and exposing their nurselings to burning plains and icy mountains, dooming them to disease, perhaps death.
Love of adventure prompted some, love of. The distance by these routes was about 2, miles, though 3, miles of trackless wilderness were trod by some of the earlier caravans. Their path lay through vast prairies, over the Rocky range, across the alkaline plains, then up the Sierra Nevada, and down into the garden of California. For weeks and months the emigrants were out of sight of any human habitation; even the homes of the savages that now and then swept down upon them, were unknown and out of view.
Bands of buffalo and scattering antelope, with the gray wolf, coyote, raven, and other beasts of prey, with nomadic tribes of savage men and women, were the sole occupants of this vast, and sometimes sterile region.
At intervals was water, and here and there vegetation. Sometimes grass buried the travellers in its long wavey folds, and again it would be too poor even to feed the fires that annually swept over it. To cross the mountains during winter was practically impossible; and as news of the gold discovery reached the east too late for the summer of , it was not until about the middle of that the tide of overland emigration fairly set in.
Independence, Missouri, was one of the chief points of departure from the northern states, and Sacramento the goal; or if for southern California, the Santa Fe trail was taken—that old trail, never by any chance passing within shot of the black oak timber that occasionally dotted the horizon or filled the ravines, for the wary old pioneers who had laid it out knew better than that. At this time 30, souls and more,each in its glowing ardor, and from its individual history, might.
Over the boundless prairies they straggled, up in to the rarified air that stifled men and beasts, down into waterless, sandy sinks; across sage brush plains efflorescent with alkali, over saltywhite flats caked hard as stone, through blinding dust, and into heaps of sand-like drifted ashy earth where the animals sank to their bellies; resting by cooling springs, or thirsting beside fetid and acrid waters; winding along the banks of sluggish water-courses, fording brackish brooks, swimming ice-cold rivers, exposed now to the unbroken rays of a withering sun, and now to chilliing hail-storms, hurricanes, and suffocating sand-blasts; sometimes miring in mud, sometimes choked in impalpable dust which saturated hair and clothes, filled eyes and nostrils, and made these emigrant trains look like caravans emerging from an ash storm on the plains of Sodom.
But what were these temporal miseries beside the eternal reward that awaited them beyond the Sierra, which, from its eastern slope, so grimly frowned on those who came so far to tamper with its treasures? Blessed faith 1 thouo;h material and transient in its promised joys, it was none the less immortal What though credence be but a fata morgana, happiness a phantom, and flattering hope be fed by night on dreams and by day on mirage; what though imaginary shapes take on reality, and thouglit spends itself in midnight apparitions and fantastic aerial visions, faith and hope.
Here, high above the ocean, between the two great uplifted ranges, where hills and desert flats rise well nigh into the clouds, is the native land of the mirage, distinct in its unreality, magnificent, though built of air and sand.
Now it is a lonely valley, bearing in its bosom a glassy lake, girdled with waving groves and parted by rushing streams; and now the gilded spires of a mighty city pierce the dull, desiccated heavens, massive masonry pillars the firmament, while long drawn shadows cross and re-cross the marble domes and crenelled turrets of a thousand palaces embalmed in pleasant gardens like a Babylon, or gleaming from settings of silver as where the lion of Saint Mark keeps guard over the bride of the Adriatic; at times, ao-ain, their own images would loom out distorted in figure or position, like the ghost of Brocken, through the gloomy sultry air palpable with sand.
As when, blear-eyed from long contentions with the sand and sun, exhausted by toilsome travel and fainting with thirst. Fancy strips the earth of its pallid coverino; and fills the rent with the vaulted firmament, sets up images motionless in the air and sends aerial animals of divers sorts in hot chase one after another, inundates sandy plains by the beating of the upshooting sun upon the surface, and places before them. At the beginning of the journey, with fresh cattle, a plentiful store of food, and a road that lay through grassy prairies and well-watered valleys, with bright, cheerful warmth by day and restoring sleep at night, each dropping into place, and all attending to their several duties, driving their teams, seeking water, preparing resting-places for the night, unyoking oxen, picketing horses, unpacking the wagons, pitching tents, gathering wood and cooking the supper, mending broken wagons, telling stories by the camp-fires, watching their grazing cattle, or scouring the adjacent plain for the strayed or such as had been stolen, chasing buflalo, shooting antelope, parleying with the natives—in the first flush of sanguine hope, with expectation bright before them, this sort of life was not so bad.
When a caravan camped at night, the men made a circle of their wagons, at once a bulwark and a corral for their cattle. About this they pitched their tents, and surrounded all with a guard of blazing camp-fires, which threw their glare far into the surrounding darkness, and illuminated the groups that cooked or smoked or slept beside them.
Goldenwinged Eros sometimes dropped in among them, fluttered about the wagons, and a clergyman or squire must be hunted up among the trains to terminate his sad doings by a marriage. Once in a while they killed a buflalo, and then they munched and munched, till marrow, and fat, and fullness made their worn, wan faces to shine in the red fire-light like the satyrs.
The scenery at times is fascinating in its very wildness and sterility, and in the strange and fantastic shapes it often assumes. There are the weird buttes, and a Chimney rock, at once the monument and remnant of an ancient bluff, beaten upon and worn away by the winds and waters of ages, yet lifting still into the face of heaven its long, fixed finger of hope or warning, as you choose to regard it.
Then the grass becomes scarce as the emigrant passes on, and in many places is all consumed, and new and untrodden routes must be sought, and cattle begin to faint for food, and women and children to sicken and die, and men, ill-fed and poorly clad, keeping the saddle from daylight till dark, and exposed to alternate blasts of heat and cold, begin to fail.
Wagons must be lightened of their load or emptied. Meanwhile the poor dumb brutes thus slowly dying, sacrificed to their owners' greed, gasping, and insensible to the goad, open-mouthed, with lolling tongue and slobbering jaws and dull sunken eyes, drag along their two or twenty miles a day, or with limbs swollen and trembling fall dead from thirst and hunger.
Better their masters, brutes scarcely more reasonable, should thus have died; and so they did, poor fellows, many of them, and mingled their bodies with the carcasses of their beasts. All the way from the valley of the Mississippi westward, long, tortuous tracks were marked by the broken wagons, demolished tents, cast-off clothing, stale provisions, and household effects that lined the roadside ; all along the several routes by which these pilgrims marched were scattered bones, and the rotting carcasses of cattle intermingled.
Some were overtaken by the snow, and losing their way, perished; some were shot by savages; some fell by disease. In the words of a pilgrim, "the last part of the emigration resembled the rout of an army, with its distressed multitudes of helpless sufferers, rather than the voluntary movement of a free people. So on the survivors come, sometimes worn out by famine and fatigue, over sterile hills and scorching Saharas, through the valleys of death and from the plains of desolation, heedless if not heartless, up by the pathway through the cloven granite, through the mountain pass, then zig-zag down the steep slopes, and beneath the shadowy pines of the Sierra, emptying all that is left of them and their belongings into the valley of the Sacramento, or into the garden of Los Angeles, ready after their toilsome march to reap and riot with the best of them.
Fortunate indeed are they if their last flour be not cooked, and the last morsel of rancid bacon be not devoured, before reaching their journey's end. Now they may revel in the realms of golden dreams. Here, indeed, is the promised land; and these dirtcolored, skin-cracked, blinded, and footsore travellers, whose stomach linings are worn and wasted from carrying foul food and fetid water—let them enjoy it.
Stripping off their ragged and gritty clothes, the newly-arrived may bathe in the inviting streams, drinking in the cool, refreshing water at every pore; they may put on fresh apparel, and fiil themselves. They may see herds of antelopes passing along the plain like wind-waves over the grass, and droves of wild horses tossing their heads in the air as their broad nostrils catch the taint of the intruders, and great, antlered elk, some as big as Mexican mules, grazing about the groves and under the scattered trees.
Now they may rest, and now the more fortunate may hope to enjoy the luxury of house, and bed with clean sheets and soft pillows.
Yet at first, to him who has long slept in the open air, these are no luxuries. Often those accustomed to every comfort at home, neat and fastidious in all their tastes, on resuming their former mode of living after sleeping a few months in the open air, have been obliged to leave a comfortable bed and spread their blankets under the trees if they would have sleep.
The house and its trappings stifle them. So hates the savage civilization. I should say that in danger, and in the romance which danger brings, the journey across the plains eclipsed the steamer voyage, in which there was more vexation of spirit than actual peril. The rich get richer not because they work hardest, but thanks to their stupendous resources Use a Zero-Sum Budget.
Going from debt to building wealth is easier than you might think. In other words, it shows what percentage of assets is funded by borrowing compared with the percentage of resources that are funded by the investors. Now she takes the money she made from her seeds and buys a car. The rich are getting richer as the median household income in this country not only fails to rise, but has stagnated.
There are people that are making less than , a year and struggling to live. Did you know that there are two kinds of debt: good and bad? The good kind, a. They use debt — leverage — basic principles if you want to get rich use borrowed money.
Again you need to be careful how you use debt. The richest are those that carry debt. They generally carry a lot of debt. But they have assets that more than make up for the debt the carry. In fact, the rich not only carry debt, they also use it to get richer.
One of the main reasons the middle class and the poor work harder, work years longer, struggle to pay off debt and pay more in taxes is because they lack a very If searching for the ebook by Karen Casanova Letting Go of Debt: Growing Richer One Day at a Time in pdf form, in that case you come on to right site.
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